Exploring the Intricacies of Maritime Cartography: A Journey Through NOAA’s Expertise

Week One

Ewan Horner (IC-ENC Geospatial Intern) and Bhavya Airen (IC-ENC Data Validator) have just returned from the first IC-ENC Validator Exchange. They visited our regional office in Washington DC and were kindly hosted by NOAA. This Validator Exchange gave both validators the opportunity to experience the working environment and practices carried out by our US regional team, whilst giving them an insight in how NOAA produces and distributes their ENCs. This trip has been invaluable in sharing new validation techniques and methodologies between the UK and US regional office teams.

During their first week, Ewan and Bhavya visited NGIA and learnt how NGIA converts Digital Navigational Charts (DNC) into Electronic Navigational Charts (ENC). NGIA primarily focuses on charting in the Caribbean, Latin America and the Pacific Islands. They also discussed how IC-ENC enables and enhances seamless ENC coverage through the production of WEND reports and how they help address gaps and overlaps between ENCs.

Alongside this, they worked alongside NOAA’s Marine Chart Division, visiting multiple teams involved in the production process of their ENCs. They also were given an overview of how NOAA distributes and monitors it’s ENCs, especially important for the US’s 7000 cell rescheme currently taking place.

Taking good use of the opportunities available at NOAA, they both visited NOAA’s ‘Science on a Sphere’. This interactive globe visualisation can display Earth Science data e.g. Maritime traffic, Ocean and Atmospheric Circulation and Global ENC Coverage.

Justin Adams (IC-ENC Data Validator), Ewan Horner (IC-ENC Geospatial Intern), Bhavya Airen (IC-ENC Data Validator) and Martha Bakry (IC-ENC Data Validator)

 Week Two

An enriching 1.5 hours, provided us with a deep dive into the Electronic Navigational Chart (ENC) production using ARC GIS. This session was not just a technical overview but a revelation of the meticulous process that goes into maritime cartography. We observed firsthand how the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) undertakes the task of cartography in ENCs by integrating various layers and executing precise queries. The process began with the addition of layers, each representing different data aspects such as bathymetry, coastal outlines, and navigation aids. The complexity and precision required in this step are paramount, as it sets the foundation for accurate and reliable navigational charts. We learned how these layers are carefully compiled and analyzed, ensuring that each piece of data is correctly placed and formatted.

One of the key takeaways from this session was understanding the role of the International Centre for ENCs (IC-ENC). IC-ENC plays a crucial role in enhancing data quality by thoroughly reviewing the P007 reports, which detail changes and updates to the ENCs. Their rigorous review process ensures that all data released is of the highest quality, thereby improving maritime safety.

Our visit to the NOAA Centre for Weather and Climate Prediction (NCWCP) in College Park was another highlight. This tour provided an in-depth look at how different units within the NCWCP operate and collaborate. The Environmental Modelling Centre (EMC) particularly stood out, demonstrating how complex weather models are developed and refined. The visit also included a stop at the NCO-Data Centre, where we gained insights into data management's critical role in modern meteorology. With the advent of AI and machine learning, the ability to predict weather patterns has seen significant advancements. The NCO-Data Centre's work exemplifies how vast amounts of data are processed and utilized to improve weather forecasting accuracy.

Bhavya, Ewan and Sean Legeer (Chief, Nautical Cartographer, NOAA)

In addition to cutting-edge technology, our exploration of NOAA’s capabilities included a look at their custom chart production for recreational use and backup purposes. This segment offered a nostalgic glance at the traditional methods of cartography, reminding us of the evolution in this field over the years. Understanding these foundational techniques provided a well-rounded perspective on how far chart production has come.

Our visit to Maryland Fleet Week and Flyover in Baltimore, where we observed the operations of the US Coast Guard ships. This experience was particularly enlightening as we saw how Electronic Chart Display and Information Systems (ECDIS) and traditional paper charts are utilized in real-world navigation. Engaging with the ship's crew and exploring the ECDIS system offered practical insights into its functionality and importance. We also had a poignant discussion about the Baltimore bridge collapse, highlighting the critical role of accurate navigational charts. This visit underscored the practical applications of our earlier lessons in ENC production.

A significant part of our tour included a visit to the Debris Vessel Reynolds, responsible for removing drift in Chesapeake Bay. This vessel plays a vital role in minimizing damage, financial loss, and safety hazards by keeping waterways clear of debris. The operational efficiency and dedication of the crew were evident in their meticulous work. Following this, we visited the survey vessel Catlett, which conducts hydrographic surveys to ensure safe navigation in Chesapeake Bay and Ocean City, Maryland. The precision and importance of hydrographic surveys cannot be overstated, as they are fundamental in maintaining safe and navigable waters for all maritime activities.

Conclusion

This exchange was a highly informative and enriching experience. It significantly enhanced our knowledge of ENC production, weather prediction, and maritime operations. The intricate processes, advanced technologies, and dedicated professionals we encountered have deepened our appreciation for the critical work carried out by NOAA. This journey through NOAA’s expertise has not only expanded our understanding but also reinforced the importance of accurate data and innovative technologies in ensuring maritime safety.